misoidc > 웹호스팅 > 메뉴얼 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual 테스트 버전 0.2 (2004-04-26) ko 원격서버에서 authorized_keys 로 인증안될때 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=90
You don't have permission to access /...../... on this server.

이란 403 퍼미션 에러가 났을 경우.

selinux를 disable 시켜주는 간단한 방법이 있겠으나

restorecon을 이용하여 에러를 막아본다.

# restorecon -R -v .ssh/
]]> 싼웹호스팅 Thu, 31 Jul 2014 11:58:15 +0900 pptp vpn 연결서 711 오류 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=89
  • 시작을 클릭 하여 검색 창에 cmd 를 입력합니다.
  • 상단의 검색 결과에 [cmd]를 마우스 오른쪽 클릭하여 [관리자 권한으로 실행]을 클릭하여 명령 프롬프트를 실행합니다.
  • SFC /SCANNOW 입력 후 Enter를 입력 합니다.
  • 시스템 파일에 문제가 있는지를 탐색하며, 복구가 가능한 부분은 복구가 진행이 됩니다.
  • 검사가 100% 완료가 되면, 결과 메시지를 확인합니다.
    • ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Mon, 13 Jan 2014 17:02:04 +0900     미소케이스 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=87 싼웹호스팅 Tue, 30 Jul 2013 16:24:40 +0900 MS-SQL 리플리케이션 (병합복제) 테이블 추가 방법 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=85 마스터 DB 서버 : 192.168.10.1 (NEULWON-1)
    미러링 DB 서버 : 192.168.10.2 (NEULWON-2)


    1) 테이블 추가

    목적) neulwon DB 의 test 테이블 동기화

    마스터 DB서버(192.168.10.1)에서 test 테이블을 만들고 내용을 insert 합니다.
    미러링 DB서버(192.168.10.2)에서도 test 테이블을 만들고 내용을 insert 합니다.
    > 일단은 이렇게 수동으로 양서버에 같은 데이타를 넣어놔야 합니다.

    마스터 DB서버에서..
    MS-SQL Server Management Studio > 복제 > 로컬 게시
    > 'neulwon_게시' 를 우클릭하여 '속성'을 선택 합니다.

    좌측메뉴중에 '아티클' 을 선택합니다. (처음 선택시 로딩하는데 시간이 조금 걸립니다.)
    그러면 우측에 동기화 테이블 리스트가 나오게 되는데
    옵션으로 '선택 표시된 개체만 목록에 표시' 가 체크되어있습니다.
    이것을 해제하면 추가했던 테이블 test 가 보입니다.

    추가한 테이블을 선택하면 간단한 안내말이 나옵니다. '예' 를 클릭합니다.
    그리고 '확인' 버튼을 누릅니다.


    2) 복제 설정

    마스터 DB서버에서..
    MS-SQL Server Management Studio > 복제 > 로컬 게시
    > 'neulwon_게시' 를 우클릭하여 '스냅숏 에이전트 상태 보기'를 선택 합니다.

    '시작' 버튼을 누르면 새로운 병합처리를 위한 작업이 진행됩니다.

    (DB크기에 따라 시간이 좌우됩니다. 수분 ~ 수십분 소요)


    ※ 참고

    1) 미러 DB서버에서 할일은 없습니다.
    마스터 DB서버 복제 설정 후, 미러 DB서버 '동기화 상태 보기' 에서 상태를 보면
    '현재 스냅숏 파일은 최신 파일이 아니므로 스냅숏을 다시 실행해야 합니다.' 라는 메세지가
    나타날 수 있으나 아무런 설정도 하지 않은채 조금만 기다리면 자동으로 동기화 됩니다.
    (정확히 말하자면 마스터 서버의 '스냅숏 에이전트 상태보기' - '시작' 작업 완료 후)

    2) 테이블 동기화 해제시
    '아티클' 항목에서 해당 테이블 체크 해제 후, '확인' 버튼을 누르고
    '스냅숏 에이전트 상태 보기'에서 '시작' 버튼을 눌러 새로운 병합 처리를 합니다.

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Thu, 09 May 2013 16:40:41 +0900     [Linux] 하드웨어 정보 확인하기 - dmidecode, lshw http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=84
    - lshw 는 rpm 패키지를 별도로 설치해야됨

    참고글 : http://jonnychoe.egloos.com/5549359

    2. dmidecode
    - 설치할 필요없음
    - dmidecode 명령은 서버 하드웨어, 바이오스 정보를 system DMI 테이블에서 읽어온다.
    시스템의 현재 configuration 상태뿐만 아니라 최대 지원가능한 설정 정보까지도 불러온다.
    예를 들어, 시스템의 현재 RAM 정보와 최대 확장가능한 RAM 정보까지도 확인할 수 있다.

    dmidecode 의 output 형태는 다음과 같다.
    Record Header: Handle {record id}, DMI type {dmi type id}, {record size} bytes
Record Value: {multi line record value}
    • record id: Unique identifier for every record in the DMI table.
    • dmi type id: Type of the record. i.e BIOS, Memory etc.,
    • record size: Size of the record in the DMI table.
    • multi line record values: Multi line record value for that specific DMI type.

    dmidecode 명령의 output 예 :

    # dmidecode | head -15

# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.
Table at 0x000FB320.

Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 11 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                DA 0B 00 DA B0 00 17 03 08 28 00

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
        Version: A07
        Release Date: 01/13/2004

    DMI 테이블의 레코드 갯수를 보기위해서는 

    # dmidecode | grep ^Handle | wc -l
56

(or)

# dmidecode | grep structures
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.

    DMI Types

    시스템의 CPU 정보를 보기위해서는 type id 4 옵션을 dmidecode 명령과 함께 준다.

    # dmidecode -t 4
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0400, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
        Socket Designation: Processor 1
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Xeon
        Manufacturer: Intel
        ID: 29 0F 00 00 FF FB EB BF
        Signature: Type 0, Family 15, Model 2, Stepping 9
        Flags:
                FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
                VME (Virtual mode extension)
                DE (Debugging extension)
                PSE (Page size extension)
                TSC (Time stamp counter)
                MSR (Model specific registers)

    DMI type 은 아래와 같다.

    Type   Information
       ----------------------------------------
          0   BIOS
          1   System
          2   Base Board
          3   Chassis
          4   Processor
          5   Memory Controller
          6   Memory Module
          7   Cache
          8   Port Connector
          9   System Slots
         10   On Board Devices
         11   OEM Strings
         12   System Configuration Options
         13   BIOS Language
         14   Group Associations
         15   System Event Log
         16   Physical Memory Array
         17   Memory Device
         18   32-bit Memory Error
         19   Memory Array Mapped Address
         20   Memory Device Mapped Address
         21   Built-in Pointing Device
         22   Portable Battery
         23   System Reset
         24   Hardware Security
         25   System Power Controls
         26   Voltage Probe
         27   Cooling Device
         28   Temperature Probe
         29   Electrical Current Probe
         30   Out-of-band Remote Access
         31   Boot Integrity Services
         32   System Boot
         33   64-bit Memory Error
         34   Management Device
         35   Management Device Component
         36   Management Device Threshold Data
         37   Memory Channel
         38   IPMI Device
         39   Power Supply

    또한, type id 를 입력하는 대신에 키워드를 사용할 수도 있다.

    다음은 사용가능한 키워드이다.

           Keyword     Types
       ------------------------------
       bios        0, 13
       system      1, 12, 15, 23, 32
       baseboard   2, 10
       chassis     3
       processor   4
       memory      5, 6, 16, 17
       cache       7
       connector   8
       slot        9

    type id 2 와 10 에 대한 정보를 보기 위해 키워드 baseboard 를 사용한 예

    # dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes
Base Board Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
        Product Name: 123456
        Version: A05
        Serial Number: ..CN123456789098.

Handle 0x0A00, DMI type 10, 14 bytes
On Board Device 1 Information
        Type: SCSI Controller
        Status: Enabled
        Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 2 Information
        Type: SCSI Controller
        Status: Enabled
        Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 3 Information
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description: ATI Rage XL PCI Video
On Board Device 4 Information
        Type: Ethernet
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 1
On Board Device 5 Information
        Type: Ethernet
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 2


    dmicode 를 사용하여 RAM(Physical Memory) 에 대한 정보 확인하기

    시스템에서 지원가능한 최대 RAM 크기는 얼마인가?
    아래 예는 최대 RAM 크기가 8GB 임을 보여준다.

    # dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
        Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

    메모리를 얼마나 확장할 수 있는지 를 확인하기 위해 /proc/meminfo 명령을 사용하여 현재 메모리 총량을 확인할 수 있다.

    # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:      1034644 kB

    위 예는 현재 시스템이 1 GB 메모리를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있지만, 이것이 1GB 1개인지, 512MB 2개인지, 256MB 4개인지는 알 수가 없다.

    dmidecode 명령을 사용하여 memory 슬롯에서 각각 사용되고 있는 RAM 크기를 알 수 있다.

    아래 예는 memory slot 이 4개이며, 현재 슬롯 1,2 에 512 MB RAM 이 각각 장착되어 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

    # dmidecode -t 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 512 MB  [Note: Slot1 has 512 MB RAM]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 1
        Locator: DIMM_1A
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot2 has 512 MB RAM]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 1
        Locator: DIMM_1B
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot3 is empty]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 2
        Locator: DIMM_2A
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000

        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot4 is empty]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 2
        Locator: DIMM_2B
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)


    BIOS information 확인하기

    # dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
        Version: A07
        Release Date: 01/13/2004
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 4096 kB
        Characteristics:
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PNP is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                LS-120 boot is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported

Handle 0x0D00, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
        Installable Languages: 1
                en|US|iso8859-1
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1


    장비의 Manufacturer, Model 과 Serial number 확인하기

    # dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 25 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
        Product Name: PowerEdge 1750
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: 1234567
        UUID: 4123454C-4123-1123-8123-12345603431
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch

Handle 0x0C00, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
        Option 1: NVRAM_CLR:  Clear user settable NVRAM areas and set defaults
        Option 2: PASSWD:  Close to enable password

Handle 0x2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
        Status: No errors detected

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Wed, 06 Mar 2013 14:15:36 +0900     The 5 minute DBA: Default My.cnf File http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=83 Because I was asked….What should I set my my.cnf parameters to? What are good default values? How much memory should I allocate to the db if I have X amount of ram? What is a good starting point for the mysql config files?

    You’re not really Googling for a my.cnf to use are you? You probably are, Shame on you! The best thing to do is to test before you make changes, and find the best configuration for your application. But your not going to are you? oh well I might as well accommodate you. I make no claims these will work for everyone. In fact if you hire me later on I may look at you funny after I analyze your system, and may call you funny names behind your back for using the wrong settings. Because there are a lot of people out their who are only database folks 5 minutes at a time (that’s what these posts are about), they are probably going to stick the my-huge.cnf and go with that anyways. So why not throw out some common my.cnf’s I use. Keep in mind, these are the most common, they may cause weird things to happen in some environments… that’s why we always say test and benchmark before using. But if your googling for it, chances are your going to put it in anyways:)

    And for those who spend more then 5 minutes a day as a DBA, please post your comments and make me look foolish for forgetting your favorite parameter. Remember these are generic starting points, for people who are not going to have a ton of time.

    Alright here goes:

    32 bit system
    2GB of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All innodb tables    		 32 bit system
    4GB of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All Innodb tables
    [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    port = 3306
    basedir = /mysql/
    datadir = /data01/data
    tmpdir = /tmp
    thread_cache_size = 64
    table_cache = 64
    key_buffer = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 256K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    tmp_table_size=16M
    max_heap_table_size=16M
    query_cache_size=64M
    query_cache_type=1
    log_output=FILE
    slow_query_log_file=/mysql/slow1.log
    slow_query_log=1
    long_query_time=3
    log-error=/mysql/error.log
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data01/data
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 768M
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_support_xa = 0
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    innodb_log_file_size = 64M
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 8    		 [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    port = 3306
    basedir = /mysql/
    datadir = /data01/data
    tmpdir = /tmp
    thread_cache_size = 64
    table_cache = 64
    key_buffer = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 256K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    tmp_table_size=16M
    max_heap_table_size=16M
    query_cache_size=64M
    query_cache_type=1
    log_output=FILE
    slow_query_log_file=/mysql/slow1.log
    slow_query_log=1
    long_query_time=3
    log-error=/mysql/error.log
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data01/data
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size =2048M
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_support_xa = 0
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    innodb_log_file_size = 128M
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
    32 bit system
    8GB+ of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All Innodb tables    		 64 bit system
    8GB of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All innodb tables
    ****** Go download a 64Bit OS. ****** [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    port = 3306
    basedir = /mysql/
    datadir = /data01/data
    tmpdir = /tmp
    thread_cache_size = 128
    table_cache = 256
    key_buffer = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 256K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    tmp_table_size=32M
    max_heap_table_size=32M
    query_cache_size=128M
    query_cache_type=1
    log_output=FILE
    slow_query_log_file=/mysql/slow1.log
    slow_query_log=1
    long_query_time=2
    log-error=/mysql/error.log
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data01/data
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5120M
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_support_xa = 0
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    innodb_log_file_size = 64M
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
    64 bit system
    16GB of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All Innodb tables    		 64 bit system
    32GB of memory
    Dedicated DB Box
    All Innodb tables
    [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    port = 3306
    basedir = /mysql/
    datadir = /data01/data
    tmpdir = /tmp
    thread_cache_size = 128
    table_cache = 512
    key_buffer = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 256K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    tmp_table_size=32M
    max_heap_table_size=32M
    query_cache_size=128M
    query_cache_type=1
    log_output=FILE
    slow_query_log_file=/mysql/slow1.log
    slow_query_log=1
    long_query_time=2
    log-error=/mysql/error.log
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data01/data
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12288M
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_support_xa = 0
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    innodb_log_file_size = 128M
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 12    		 [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    port = 3306
    basedir = /mysql/
    datadir = /data01/data
    tmpdir = /tmp
    thread_cache_size = 256
    table_cache = 1024
    key_buffer = 64M
    sort_buffer_size = 256K
    read_buffer_size = 256K
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
    max_allowed_packet = 1M
    tmp_table_size=32M
    max_heap_table_size=32M
    query_cache_size=128M
    query_cache_type=1
    log_output=FILE
    slow_query_log_file=/mysql/slow1.log
    slow_query_log=1
    long_query_time=2
    log-error=/mysql/error.log
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data01/data
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1000M:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size =24676M
    innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8M
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_support_xa = 0
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
    innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    innodb_log_file_size = 128M
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
    innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

    NOTE: If you change you log file size, you will get errors unless you move the old ones and allow innodb to recreate them ( do it with the DB down by the way )… once again I offer no warranty. You may also want to turn of swappiness to avoid swapping (http://www.bigdbahead.com/?p=101).

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Wed, 06 Mar 2013 10:01:52 +0900     [장비] OmniSwitch 6850-24x L2/L3 스위치 설정 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=82 하지만 최근에 10G 와 1G를 혼용한 L2/L3 스위치를 살펴보다가
    알카텔-루슨트 사의 옴니스위치 6850 스위치를 사용하게 되었습니다.

    1~24 1G UTP 포트가 있고, 21~24 네 포트는 GBIC 으로 꼽아 광연결이 가능하도록 되어 있구요,
    25,26 두 개의 XFP 10G 포트가 있습니다.

    콘솔 연결시 aOS 운영시스템의 CLI (Command Line Interface)가 존재하는데,
    시스코 카탈리스트의 iOS와 유사하게 동작하였습니다.

    우선 콘솔 연결을 하는데, 기존의 콘솔 케이블로는 연결이 되지 않았고,
    장비에서 제공하는 RJ45 <=> RS232(암) 어답터가 오는데 RJ45에 일반 UTP 랜케이블로
    옴니스위치의 콘솔에 연결하고 RS232 부분을 콘솔 연결할 컴의 시리얼에 연결하면 됩니다.

    일단 콘솔로 연결되면

    login : admin
    password : switch

    Welcome to the Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch 6000
    Software Version 6.4.3.520.R01 GA, April 08, 2010.

    Copyright(c), 1994-2010 Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights reserved.

    OmniSwitch(TM) is a trademark of Alcatel-Lucent registered
    in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

    ->

    위와 같은 연결을 하면 됩니다.

    암호변경
    -> password

    1) 초기 설정

    1.1) 시간 및 타임존 설정
    -> system timezone kst
    -> system time HH:MM:SS
    -> show system

    1.2) 초기에는 스위치에 IP를 설정하고 telnet으로 접근해도 연결이 되지 않는데,
    아래와 같이 인증을 풀어줘야 함.
    -> aaa authentication default local

    1.3) 설정을 장비를 껏다가 다시 켜도 설정이 살아있게 하려면,
    -> write memory

    1.4) 장비 reboot
    -> reload

    2) VLAN 설정
    아직 잘 몰라서 그럴 수도 있는데 VLAN 없이 포트 하나만 IP를 지정하는 방법은
    없고 상위의 VLAN으로 지정을 해주고 IP를 설정해야 했음.

    2.1) VLAN 보기
    -> show vlan

    2.2) VLAN 생성
    -> vlan 99
    (번호만 지정하면 된다)

    2.3) VLAN 삭제
    -> no vlan 99

    3) L3 스위치 구성
    1~12를 VLAN 100으로 지정하고 20.20.20.1/24 IP 설정

    3.1) 설정
    -> vlan 200
    (VLAN 200번 생성)
    -> vlan 200 port default 1/1-12
    (1~12 번 포트를 VLAN 100에 할당)
    -> ip interface vlan-200 address 20.20.20.1/24 vlan 200
    (해당 VLAN에 20.20.20.1/24 주소 할당)

    3.2) 확인

    (VLAN 목록 확인)
    -> show vlan
    vlan type admin oper 1x1 flat auth ip ipx tag lrn name
    -----+------+------+------+------+------+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----------
    1 std on on on on off on NA off on VLAN 1
    99 std on on on on off on NA off on VLAN 99
    100 std on off on on off on NA off on VLAN 100

    (VLAN 할당 포트 목록 확인)
    -> show vlan port
    vlan port type status
    ------+-------+---------+-------------
    1 1/13 default inactive
    1 1/14 default inactive
    1 1/15 default forwarding
    1 1/16 default inactive
    1 1/17 default inactive
    1 1/18 default inactive
    1 1/19 default forwarding
    1 1/20 default inactive
    1 1/21 default inactive
    1 1/22 default inactive
    1 1/23 default forwarding
    1 1/25 default inactive
    1 1/26 default inactive
    99 1/24 default forwarding
    100 1/1 default inactive
    100 1/2 default inactive
    100 1/3 default inactive
    100 1/4 default inactive
    100 1/5 default inactive
    100 1/6 default inactive
    100 1/7 default inactive
    100 1/8 default inactive
    100 1/9 default inactive
    100 1/10 default inactive
    100 1/11 default inactive
    100 1/12 default inactive

    (VLAN 할당 IP 확인)
    -> show ip interface
    Total 4 interfaces
    Name IP Address Subnet Mask Status Forward Device
    --------------------+---------------+---------------+------+-------+--------
    Loopback 127.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 UP NO Loopback
    dhcp-client 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 DOWN NO vlan 1
    vlan-100 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0 DOWN NO vlan 100
    vlan_99 10.99.99.1 255.0.0.0 UP YES vlan 99


    4) IP 라우팅 설정 (스태틱)
    -> ip static-route 40.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 gateway 20.20.20.139
    -> show ip route

    5) 포트 정보 보기
    -> show interfaces 1/3 counters
    1/3 ,
    InOctets = 1697512645, OutOctets = 975263938,
    InUcastPkts = 15865327, OutUcastPkts = 8779963,
    InMcastPkts = 0, OutMcastPkts = 5098,
    InBcastPkts = 5456, OutBcastPkts = 13983,
    InPauseFrames = 0, OutPauseFrames = 0,
    Sampling Interval 5 seconds
    InPkts/s = 71318, OutPkts/s = 34765,
    InBits/s = 61247760, OutBits/s = 29201904

    6) CPU, Memory 등의 정보 보기
    -> show health
    * - current value exceeds threshold
    Device 1 Min 1 Hr 1 Hr
    Resources Limit Curr Avg Avg Max
    -----------------+-------+------+------+-----+----
    Receive 80 01 01 01 01
    Transmit/Receive 80 01 01 01 01
    Memory 80 71 71 71 71
    Cpu 80 09 12 12 16


    7) Config 파일 관련
    -> dir
    Listing Directory /flash:
    drw 1024 Jul 19 10:38 certified/
    -rw 317 Jul 19 10:41 boot.params
    drw 1024 Jul 19 10:43 working/
    -rw 11 Jul 13 03:36 boot.slot.cfg
    -rw 64000 Jul 19 10:52 swlog1.log
    -rw 64000 Dec 26 2010 swlog2.log
    drw 1024 Dec 26 2010 switch/
    drw 1024 Jul 13 03:36 network/
    12284928 bytes free

    위와 같이 /flash 에는 working cerified 폴더가 있는데,
    working에서 작업을 하게 되고, reload 명령어로 reboot을 할 수 있는데,

    -> reload
    라 하면 certified 디렉터리에서 읽어서 재부팅을 하게되고,

    -> reload working no rollback-time
    이라 하면 working 디렉터리의 설정값으로 부팅을 합니다.

    실제 설정 작업을 하면 이것은 running-config 라는 메모리에 저장되는 것이고
    -> write memory
    와 동일한 명령어로
    -> copy running-config working
    메모리의 설정 내용을 working 폴더에 복사하는 것입니다.

    또한,
    -> copy working certified
    라고 하여 working 폴더에 내용을 certified 폴더로 일치를 시킬 수 있습니다.

    -> cd working
    에서 dir 명령으로 보면, 부팅 이미지 파일들이 있고 설정파일인 boot.cfg 파일이 있습니다.

    -> cp boot.cfg boot_L3.cfg
    위의 명령으로 현재 설정을 다른 이름으로 복사해 놓을 수 있습니다.

    -> vi boot.cfg
    또한 vi 명령도 수행하여 그 내용을 변경할 수 있습니다.


    8) 설정 초기화
    -> cd working
    -> rm boot.cfg
    -> reload working no rollback-timeout


    9) 포트 미러링
    -> policy condition c1 source ip 192.168.20.1
    -> policy action a1 mirror ingress 1/10
    -> policy rule r1 condition c1 action a1
    -> qos apply

    스위치에서 소스 IP가 192.168.20.1 인 모든 플로우에 대하여 10번 포트로 미러링 하게 됩니다.


    10) ACL

    10.1) Layer2 ACL
    -> policy condition toMAC3 destination mac 00:00:00:00:00:03
    -> policy action deny disposition drop
    -> policy rule r1 condition toMAC3 action deny
    -> qos apply

    10.2) Layer3 ACL
    -> policy condition fromIP1toIP3 source ip 10.0.0.100 destination ip 192.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0
    -> policy action deny disposition deny
    -> policy rule r1 condition fromIP1toIP3 action deny
    -> qos apply

    10.3) Layer4 ACL
    -> policy service t445 destination tcp port 445
    -> policy service t135 destination tcp port 135
    -> policy service group tcp_group t445 t135
    -> policy condition c1 service group tcp_group
    -> policy action deny disposition deny
    -> policy rule r1 condition c1 action deny
    -> qos apply
    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Tue, 05 Mar 2013 09:15:09 +0900     MSSQL _Log.LDF 파일 사이트 커졌을때 정리하는 방법 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=81 dbcc shrinkdatabase (디비명,20)  --------- 20M 로 줄이겠다는 뜻.]]> 싼웹호스팅 Wed, 20 Feb 2013 10:33:33 +0900 MSSQL에서 DB 복원 후 사용자에 로그인이름이 없어 오류가 나는 문제 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=80

    먼저 쿼리매니저에서 연결되지 않은 계정을 확인한다.

    sp_change_users_login 'Report'

    하면 사용자는 있는데 연결되지 않은 사용자의 아이디가 나온다.

    나오는 이름을 확인하고 로그인이름을 동일하게 만들고

    sp_change_users_login 'Update_one', 'username', 'username'

    를 해주면 연결이 된다.
    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Tue, 19 Feb 2013 11:23:40 +0900     centos 6.2 oracle 10g 설치 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=77

    1) 각종 환경변수 값 설정 ( 꼭 오라클 설치를 위해서만 필요한 것이 아닌 기본적 설정들 )

    < 한글 manpages 설치 >
    yum -y install man-pages-ko.noarch

    < /etc/hosts >
    127.0.0.1 mycent localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.200.3 mycent

    < /etc/sysconfig/network >
    NETWORKING=yes
    HOSTNAME=mycent

    < /etc/sysconfig/i18n >
    LANG="ko_KR.UTF-8"
    SYSFonT="en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en:ko_KR.eucKR:ko_KR:ko"

    < /etc/redhat-release >
    [root@mycent ]# cp /etc/redhat-release /etc/redhat-release.backup
    [root@mycent ]# vi /etc/redhat-release
    "CentOS release 6.2 (Final)" -> "redhat-4"로 변경

    < /etc/sysctl.conf >
    [root@mycent ]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.backup
    [root@mycent ]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    있는 항목은 값 수정
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 536870912
    없는 항목은 값 추가
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
    커널 매개변수 적용
    [root@mycent ]# /sbin/sysctl -p

    < /etc/security/limits.conf >
    [root@mycent ]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.backup
    [root@mycent ]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
    아래내용 추가
    #@student - maxlogins 4
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    # End of file

    < /etc/selinux/config >
    [root@mycent ]# cp /etc/selinux/config /etc/selinux/config.backup
    [root@mycent ]# vi /etc/selinux/config
    "SELINUX=enforcing" -> "SELINUX=disabled"로 변경

    < /etc/pam.d/login >
    [root@mycent ]# cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.backup
    [root@mycent ]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
    아래내용 추가
    session required pam_limits.so

    2) 필수 패키지 설치

    [root@mycent ]# yum install binutils-2* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgomp-4.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh* libXp

    3) 오라클 계정 및 그룹 생성

    [root@mycent ]# groupadd oinstall
    [root@mycent ]# groupadd dba
    [root@mycent ]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
    [root@mycent ]# passwd oracle
    [root@mycent ]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 (설치대상경로)
    [root@mycent ]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
    [root@mycent ]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

    4) 오라클 계정 환경변수 설정

    [root@mycent ]# su - oracle
    [oracle@mycent ]$ vi .bash_profile
    # .bash_profile

    # Get the aliases and functions
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
    fi

    # User specific environment and startup programs
    export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

    export TMP=/tmp;
    export TMPDIR=$TMP;
    export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=mycent;
    export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle;
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1;
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl;
    export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
    export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
    export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:.:$PATH;
    export SHLIB_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib;
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib;

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
    else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    fi

    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
    else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    fi

    5) 오라클 설치 프로그램 구동

    oralce 계정으로 X-window 로긴
    - 터미널 열고 export LANG=c 수행 (안그러면 설치 프로그램 글자가 다 깨짐)
    - 오라클 설치 프로그램 경로에서 ./runInstaller 실행
    - "Installation Method"에서 "Advanced Installation" 선택
    - "Inventory directory and credentials"에서 "Operating System group name"에 oinstall 선택
    - "Installation Type"에서 "Product Language"에서 Korean 추가 (영어는 기본선택)
    - "Installation Type"에서 "Standard Edition" 선택
    - "Home Details"에서 경로 확인
    - "Prerequisite Checks"에서 모두 Succeeded인지 확인
    - "Configuration Option"에서 "Create a database" 선택
    - "Database Configuration"에서 "General Purpose" 선택
    - "Database Configuration Options"에서 "Character set"에서 UTF-8 AL32UTF8 선택
    - "Database Configuration Options"에서 "Create database with sample schemas" 선택
    - "Database Storage Option"에서 "File System" 선택 및 DB 저장소 경로 확인
    - "Backup and Recovery Options"에서 "Do not enable Automated backups" 선택
    - "Database Schema Passwords"에서 "Use the same password for all the accounts" 선택
    - "Summary"에서 출력 내용 전체 확인
    - 설치 마무리 단계에서 아래 두개의 쉘 스크립트를 root권한으로 수동 실행(화면에 안내 나옴)
    /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
    - X-window 상에서의 설치과정 완료

    6) 오라클 자동 시작/종료 설정

    oracle 계정으로 수정
    < /etc/oratab >
    orcl:/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

    root 계정으로 수정
    < /etc/rc.d/rc.local >
    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
    # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
    # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

    touch /var/lock/subsys/local
    su - oracle -c /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
    su - oracle -c /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/"lsnrctl start"


    7) 오라클 사용 일반 사용자 계정 환경설정

    [userid@mycent ]$ vi .bash_profile
    # ORACLE 10g Env
    export TMP=/tmp;
    export TMPDIR=$TMP;
    export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=mycent;
    export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle;
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1;
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl;
    export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
    export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
    export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
    export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
    export NLS_LANG=KOREAN_KOREA.AL32UTF8
    export PATH=$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:.:$PATH;
    export SHLIB_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib;
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib;


    8) 오라클 기동

    oracle 계정을 이용하여 실행
    < 오라클 리스너 구동 >
    [oracle@mycent ~]$ lsnrctl start

    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-JAN-2012 12:27:46

    Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

    Starting /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

    TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
    Log messages written to /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
    Listening on: (DEscRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    Listening on: (DEscRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=mycent)(PORT=1521)))

    Connecting to (DEscRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    STATUS of the LISTENER
    ------------------------
    Alias LISTENER
    Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    Start Date 27-JAN-2012 12:27:48
    Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
    Trace Level off
    Security ON: Local OS Authentication
    SNMP OFF
    Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
    Listener Log File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
    Listening Endpoints Summary...
    (DEscRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    (DEscRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=mycent)(PORT=1521)))
    Services Summary...
    Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
    Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    The command completed successfully

    < 오라클 DBMS 구동 및 종료 >
    [root@mycent ]# sqlplus /nolog
    SQL> connect orcl as sysdba
    SQL> startup ( 오라클 구동 )
    SQL> shutdown immediate ( 오라클 종료 )

    * 일반계정에서 sqlplus 실행 안되는 현상 발생시 권한 설정

    < 에러 메시지 >
    [userid@mycent ]$ sqlplus /nolog
    sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

    < 해결책 >
    root 권한을 이용하여 수행
    [root@mycent ]# chmod -R a+rX /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

    9) 클라이언트의 tnsnames.ora 내용 추가

    ORCL =
    (DEscRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 오라클 서버 IP주소)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
    )


    10) 오라클 서버 접속 후 기본동작 확인

    < scott 계정으로 접속 후 샘플 테이블 확인 >
    select * from all_tab_columns
    where owner not in ('XDB')
    and owner not like '%SYS%'
    ;
    => BONUS, DEPT, EMP, SALGRADE 테이블이 보이는지 확인

    < 한글 입출력 테스트 >
    create table test_table (
    num number
    , id varchar2(20)
    , name varchar2(50)
    , address varchar2(100)
    );
    insert into test_table values(1, 'userid1', '홍길동', '서울');
    insert into test_table values(2, 'userid2', '심형래', '부산');
    insert into test_table values(3, 'userid3', '콩쥐', '대전');
    insert into test_table values(4, 'userid4', '흥부', '광주');
    commit;
    select * from test_table;


    * 한글 입출력을 위한 조치

    [oracle@mycent ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
    SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jan 27 15:09:21 2012
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
    SQL> conn orcl as sysdba
    Enter password:
    Connected.
    SQL> select userenv('LANGUAGE') from dual;
    USERENV('LANGUAGE')
    ----------------------------------------------------
    AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1

    SQL> update props$ set value$='KO16KSC5601' where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
    1 row updated.

    SQL> commit;
    Commit complete.

    SQL> shutdown immediate;
    Database closed.
    Database dismounted.
    ORACLE instance shut down.

    SQL> startup
    ORACLE instance started.
    Total System Global Area 360710144 bytes
    Fixed Size 1219424 bytes
    Variable Size 113247392 bytes
    Database Buffers 243269632 bytes
    Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
    Database mounted.
    Database opened.

    SQL> select userenv('LANGUAGE') from dual;
    USERENV('LANGUAGE')
    ----------------------------------------------------
    AMERICAN_AMERICA.KO16KSC5601


    * 오라클 클라이언트 프로그램에서 캐릭터셋 불일치 에러 발생시 조치

    < 오라클 클라이언트 프로그램(토드 or GoldenView) 의 에러 메시지 >
    ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated
    ORA-06553: PLS-553: character set name is not recognized

    < 문제 확인 >
    아래 쿼리 조회시 동일 타입에 대하여 2개 이상의 캐릭터셋이 조회되는지 확인

    select distinct(nls_charset_name(charsetid)) CHARACTERSET,
    decode(type#, 1, decode(charsetform, 1, 'VARCHAR2', 2, 'NVARCHAR2','UNKOWN'),
    9, decode(charsetform, 1, 'VARCHAR', 2, 'NCHAR VARYING', 'UNKOWN'),
    96, decode(charsetform, 1, 'CHAR', 2, 'NCHAR', 'UNKOWN'),
    112, decode(charsetform, 1, 'CLOB', 2, 'NCLOB', 'UNKOWN')) TYPES_USED_IN
    from sys.col$ where charsetform in (1,2) and type# in (1, 9, 96, 112);

    CHARACTERSET TYPES_USED_IN
    ----------------- -------------
    WE8ISO8859P1 VARCHAR2
    KO16KSC5601 VARCHAR2
    KO16KSC5601 CHAR
    WE8ISO8859P1 CHAR
    AL16UTF16 NCLOB
    KO16KSC5601 CLOB
    AL16UTF16 NVARCHAR2
    KO16KSC5601 NVARCHAR2
    WE8ISO8859P1 CLOB
    AL16UTF16 NCHAR

    < 문제 조치 >
    - Make sure the parallel_server parameter in INIT.ORA is set to false or it is not set at all.
    parallel_server 값이 false이거나 또는 해당 파라메터가 아예 설정되어 있지 않아야 함.

    SQL> show parameter parallel_server;

    NAME TYPE VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    parallel_server boolean FALSE

    - Run the next script in SQLPLUS connected "as sysdba"
    sysdba로 오라클 접속하여 아래 구문들을 수행한다.

    SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

    SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

    SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

    SQL> COL VALUE NEW_VALUE CHARSET
    SELECT VALUE FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
    WHERE PARAMETER='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

    SQL> COL VALUE NEW_VALUE NCHARSET
    SELECT VALUE FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
    WHERE PARAMETER='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';

    SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE &CHARSET;

    SQL> ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE &NCHARSET;
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ( 만약 여기서 ORA-12714: invalid national character set specified 에러가 발생한다면 아래 작업 수행, 해당 에러가 발생하는 이유는 오라클 9i이후에는 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET 은 UTF8과 AL16UTF16 만 제공하기 때문 )

    아래 쿼리 조회시 이런식으로 지원되지 않는 값이 조회되면

    SELECT PARAMETER, VALUE FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
    WHERE PARAMETER in ('NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET','NLS_CHARACTERSET');

    PARAMETER VALUE
    ---------------------------------- ---------------
    NLS_CHARACTERSET KO16KSC5601
    NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET KO16KSC5601

    UPDATE sys.props$ SET VALUE$='AL16UTF16' WHERE NAME='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';
    이후 다시 실행하면 정상적으로 될 것이다.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    SQL> STARTUP;
    -- yes, 2 times startup/shutdown . This is not a typo
    SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    SQL> STARTUP;

    다시 아래 쿼리를 조회했을 때 중첩되는 캐릭터셋이 조회되지 않으면 정상

    select distinct(nls_charset_name(charsetid)) CHARACTERSET,
    decode(type#, 1, decode(charsetform, 1, 'VARCHAR2', 2, 'NVARCHAR2','UNKOWN'),
    9, decode(charsetform, 1, 'VARCHAR', 2, 'NCHAR VARYING', 'UNKOWN'),
    96, decode(charsetform, 1, 'CHAR', 2, 'NCHAR', 'UNKOWN'),
    112, decode(charsetform, 1, 'CLOB', 2, 'NCLOB', 'UNKOWN')) TYPES_USED_IN
    from sys.col$ where charsetform in (1,2) and type# in (1, 9, 96, 112);

    CHARACTERSET TYPES_USED_IN
    ----------------- -------------
    KO16KSC5601 VARCHAR2
    KO16KSC5601 CHAR
    KO16KSC5601 CLOB
    AL16UTF16 NCLOB
    AL16UTF16 NVARCHAR2
    AL16UTF16 NCHAR

    만약 parallel_server 파라메터를 수정했다면 다시 원복시킨다.
    위에서 수행한 스크립트들은 이미 저장되어 있는 데이터들을 바꾸는 것은 아니고, 단지 DB의 캐릭터셋을 저장된 모든 장소에서 강제적으로 다시 세팅하는 것이다.


    12) VMware 네트워크 설정

    VMware의 게스트 OS에 리눅스&오라클 설치 후 NAT 사용시
    네트워크 NAT 설정에서 포트 포워딩 설정
    sshd : 22 번
    tnslsnr : 1521 번


    * 오라클 설치 후 기타정보

    Server Parameter Filename :
    /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

    DB Control URL :
    http://mycent:1158/em

    The following J2EE Applications have been deployed and are accessible at the URLs listed below.
    iSQL*Plus URL:
    http://mycent:5560/isqlplus

    iSQL*Plus DBA URL:
    http://mycent:5560/isqlplus/dba

    Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control URL:
    http://mycent:1158/em
    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Mon, 17 Dec 2012 17:40:26 +0900     mysql Replicating http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=76 Replicating specific databases only

    As mentioned earlier, the master and slave database server do not need to be entirely in sync, with all databases and all tables from the master replicated onto the slave. By default, the slave will replicate everything, but you can change this behavior with the following options in the slave configuration file:

    replicate-do-db=db_name (replicate this database)
replicate-ignore-db=db_name (don't replicate this database)
replicate-do-table=db_name.table_name (replicate this table)
replicate-ignore-table=db_name.table_name (don't replicate this table)
replicate--wild-do-table=db_name.table_name 
	(allows wildcards, e.g db% would be all databases beginning with db)
replicate-wild-ignore-table=db_name.table_name (ignore all specified tables, with wildcards)

    These options can all be used multiple times in a single configuration. A couple of other useful options:

    replicate-rewrite-db=master_db->slave_db (allows you to use map databases 
	that use different database names on each server)
log-slave-update (writes replicated statements to the slaves binary logs)
    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Wed, 31 Oct 2012 10:22:23 +0900     PHP 와 MongoDB 사용법 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=74 Yet another MongoDB and PHP tutorial, say it ain’t so! Well yes, but this tutorial aims to be more complete than the others out there. OK I’m going to assume you know what MongoDB is, so I’m not going to go over “what mongoDB is” or “what NoSQL is”. I’m going to do this series in a little different styling than my other tutorial series have been, so let just jump right in.

    Here’s a couple links to get you up to speed:
    Installing Mongo
    MongoDB PHP Extension

    If you have issues with MongoD not starting – something about “/data/db” missing, then you should create the directory. In *Nix: “mkdir /data/db”, in Win “mkdir c:data” then “mkdir c:datadb”.

    Connecting
    MySQL

    [php]
    <?php
    $host = ‘localhost’;
    $user = ‘root’;
    $pass = “”;
    $link = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pass, 1) or die(“Could not connect to: {$host}. Check your settings and try again.”);
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]
    <?php
    try
    {
    $link = new Mongo();
    }
    catch(MongoConnectionException $e)
    {
    die(‘Could not connect. Check to make sure MongoDB is running.’);
    }
    [/php]

    As you can see, Mongo DB automatically will connect to the local host and default port. Yes, MySQL will do the same if you have the directives in your “php.ini” setup to do this. IE. “mysql.default_host”, “mysql.default_user” and “mysql.default_password”. You might notice that by default MongoDB doesn’t have a user name or password setup. I will go over how to set that up in part 2.

    Creating and using a DB
    MySQL

    [php]$db = ‘testdb’;
    $sql = “CREATE DATABASE `$db`”;

    mysql_query($sql, $link);
    mysql_select_db($db, $link);
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]$db = $link->testdb;
    [/php]

    In one line of code, MongoDB will create a DB automatically if it doesn’t already exists and select (use) it.

    Create a Table / Collection
    MySQL

    [php]
    // Create the Table
    $tbl = ‘user’;
    $sql = “CREATE TABLE `$tbl` (`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, `login` VARCHAR (24)NOT NULL, `password` CHAR(32) NOT NULL, `email` VARCHAR(255)) TYPE=innodb;”;
    mysql_query($sql, $link);
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]
    // Create the collection (AKA Table)
    $col = $db->user;
    [/php]

    Once again, MongoDB will automatically create something for us if it doesn’t exist. In this example, it create our “user” table. You might notice we didn’t define how the table is formatted, this is because MongoDB is schema-less and doesn’t need column definitions. “Tables” in MongoDB are called “collections”.

    Insert Data
    MySQL

    [php]
    // Insert a row into the table
    $sql = “INSERT INTO `$tbl` SET `login` = ‘jsmith’, `password` = ’5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99′, `email` = ‘jsmith@example.com’”;
    mysql_query($sql);

    $sql = “INSERT INTO `$tbl` SET `login` = ‘psmith’, `password` = ’5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99′, `email` = ‘    psmith@example.com’”;
    mysql_query($sql);

    // Get the ID of last insert
    $id = mysql_insert_id($link);
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]
    // Insert a document (row) into the collection (table)
    $doc = array(‘login’ => ‘jsmith’, ‘password’ => ‘ 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99′, ‘email’ => ‘    jsmith@example.com’);
    $col->insert($doc, true);

    $doc = array(‘login’ => ‘psmith’, ‘password’ => ‘ 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99′, ‘email’ => ‘    psmith@example.com’);
    $col->insert($doc, true);

    // Get the id of last insert
    $id = $doc['_id'];
    [/php]

    You might have noticed that we used an array to define our “row” of data, which are called “documents”. On the insert method, the second argument will set the query to do a “safe insert”. This will allow us to find out if the query executed properly. If not set, it will not get that information. So I would set it to true if you want to be able to debug your queries. If you are wondering about the password, it’s the MD5 hash for “password”.

    Querying Data
    MySQL

    [php]
    // Get all rows
    $sql = “SELECT * FROM `$tbl`”;
    $qry = mysql_query($sql, $link);
    $cnt = mysql_num_rows($qry);

    echo ‘All rows:<br/>’;

    if($cnt > 0)
    {
    do
    {
    $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($qry);

    echo ‘<pre>’;
    print_r($row);
    echo ‘</pre>’
    }
    }

    // Query for the row matching the last insert ID
    $sql = “SELECT * FROM `$tbl` WHERE `id` = {$id}”;
    $qry = mysql_query($sql, $link);
    $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($qry);

    echo ‘Single row (id = $id):<br/><pre>’;
    print_r($row);
    echo ‘</pre>
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]
    // Get all documents
    $res = $col->find();

    echo ‘All documents:<br/>’;

    foreach($res as $doc)
    {
    echo ‘<pre>’;
    print_r($doc);
    echo ‘</pre>’;
    }

    // Query for the document matching the last insert ID
    $doc = $col->findone(array(‘_id’ => $id));

    echo ‘Single document (_id = $id):<br/><pre>’;
    print_r($doc);
    [/php]

    The MongoDB support in PHP has function to pull a single document, or all the documents. Once again, we use arrays to define something, in this example, we define our constraint.

    Upading Data
    MySQL

    [php]
    $sql = “UPDATE `$tbl` SET `password` = ‘b497dd1a701a33026f7211533620780d’ WHERE `id` = {$id}”;
    $qry = mysql_query($sql, $link);

    $sql = “SELECT * FROM `$tbl` WHERE `id` = {$id}”;
    $qry = mysql_query($sql, $link);
    $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($qry);

    echo ‘Updated row (id = $id):<br/><pre>’;
    print_r($row);
    echo ‘</pre>
    [/php]

    MogoDB

    [php]
    // Update a document
    $col->update(array(‘_id’ => $id), array(‘$set’ => array(‘password’ => ‘b497dd1a701a33026f7211533620780d’)));

    // Query the updated docuemnt
    $doc = $col->findone(array(‘_id’ => $id));

    echo ‘Updated docuement:<br/><pre>’;
    print_r($doc);
    echo ‘</pre>’;
    [/php]

    The MongoDB extension has a function to perform updates. The first argument is an array of constraints, IE “WHERE {expression}”. The second is the data we want to update and what we want to update it with. Pretty simple, right?

    Indexing data
    MySQL

    [php]
    // Create a unique index
    $sql = “ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tbl` ADD UNIQUE `login` (`login`)”;
    $qry = mysql_query($sql, $link);
    [/php]

    MongoDB

    [php]
    // Create a unique index
    $col->ensureIndex(array(“login” => 1), array(“unique” => true, “dropDups” => true));
    [/php]

    MongoDB has method for creating index name “ensureIndex”. The first parameter is an array of what we want to index and the value is ether 1 or -1. 1 means that the index will sort the data for this in an ascending manor, while -1 will sort it in a descending manor. The second parameter are extra options. In this example I tell it to make what ever I’m indexing as a unique index, that way I don’t end up with multiple “jsmith” entries. Also, I’ve told it to drop any documents that have duplicates of the data in the “login” “column”. Another note is that “columns” in MongoDB should be called “elements”, since we are really dealing with arrays.

    Lets make sure our index is working shall we?
    MongoDb

    [php]
    // Test our unique index
    try
    {
    $doc = array(‘login’ => ‘jsmith’, ‘password’ => ‘ 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99′, ‘email’ => ‘    jsmith@example.com’);
    $col->insert($doc, true);
    }
    catch(MongoCursorException $e)
    {
    echo ‘Could not insert document. Double check values.<br />’;
    }
    <head>

    <!-- 레이어팝업시작 -->
    <script language="Javascript">
    <!--
    function setCookie( name, value, expirehours ) {
    var todayDate = new Date();
    todayDate.setHours( todayDate.getHours() + expirehours );
    document.cookie = name + "=" + escape( value ) + "; path=/; expires=" + todayDate.toGMTString() + ";"
    }
    function closeWin() {
    document.getElementById('popup').style.display = "none";
    }
    function todaycloseWin() {
    setCookie( "ncookie", "done" , 24 );
    document.getElementById('popup').style.display = "none";
    }
    -->
    </script>

    </head>

    <body>
    <div id="popup" style="position:absolute; left:50%; top:120px; margin-left:-500px; z-index:1000;">
    <img src="openpopup.jpg" usemap="#pop" />
    <map name="pop">
    <area shape="rect" coords="267,541,400,554" href="#" onclick="todaycloseWin();" alt="닫기">
    <area shape="rect" coords="407,542,437,554" href="#" onclick="closeWin();" alt="오늘 하루 열지 않기">
    </map>
    <!--쿠키 설정 -->
    <script language="Javascript">
    <!--
    cookiedata = document.cookie;
    if ( cookiedata.indexOf("ncookie=done") < 0 ){
    document.getElementById('popup').style.display = "block";
    } else {
    document.getElementById('popup').style.display = "none";
    }
    -->
    </script>

    </div>

    </body>

    [출처] 레이어 팝업 - 닫기&오늘 하루 열지 않기|작성자 미르야

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Tue, 12 Jun 2012 09:07:07 +0900     backuppc 소스설치 하기 http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=72 cd /usr/local/src
    tar xvzf BackupPC-3.2.1.tar.gz
    cd BackupPC-3.2.1
    perl configure.pl
    물어보는 질문에 잘 답한다.

        scriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"
        Alias /BackupPC "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/BackupPC"

    <Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">
        order deny,allow
        deny from all
        allow from all
        AuthType Basic
        AuthUserFile /data/BackupPC/htpasswd
        AuthName "BackupPC Community Edition Administrative Interface"
        require valid-user
    </Directory>


    /etc/BackupPC/config.pl 파일 수정
    $Conf{CgiAdminUsers} = 'backuppc';


    cp /usr/local/src/BackupPC-3.2.1/init.d/linux-backuppc /etc/init.d/backuppc
    chmod 755 /etc/init.d/backuppc
    /etc/init.d/backuppc start

    dump failed: File::RsyncP module doesn't exist 에러 발생시
    File-RsyncP-0.68.tar.gz 설치

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Mon, 11 Jun 2012 15:20:03 +0900     rsyslog + LogAnalyzer http://ssanweb.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=menual&wr_id=71

    These are the steps I took to create a centralised location of system logs. In this scenario multiple servers (earth, venus, mars) send their system logs to a central server (sun 192.168.1.1). I’m not going to cover the configuration of Apache, MySql except were it applies to Log Analyzer. Most of the servers are running Red Hat / CentOS 5. In this setup I am using 192.168.0.0 as the subnet and topsecret as the password. Change as appropriate. More info here.

    Central Server (sun):
    On the central server (sun) which will be running Log Analyzer, these steps only need to be taken once. If you only want to add more servers sending their syslogs to sun skip this section:

    yum install httpd php mysql php-mysql mysql-server wget rsyslog rsyslog-mysql

    Create the rsyslog database structure in MySQL:

    mysql -u root -p < /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-mysql-3.22.1/createDB.sql

    Create the MySQL user:

    mysql -u root -p mysql
    mysql> GRANT ALL ON Syslog.* TO rsyslog@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘topsecret’;
    mysql> flush privileges;
    mysql> exit

    Edit the rsyslog config file:

    vi /etc/rsyslog.conf

    Add the following at the top:

    $AllowedSender UDP, 127.0.0.1, 192.168.0.0/16
    $AllowedSender TCP, 127.0.0.1, 192.168.0.0/16

    #UDP log
    $ModLoad imudp
    $UDPServerRun 514
    #TCP log
    $ModLoad imtcp
    $InputTCPServerRun 514

    $ModLoad ommysql
    *.info :o mmysql:127.0.0.1,Syslog,rsyslog,topsecret

    Amend the rsyslog startup options:

    vi /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog

    <IFRAME style="POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px" id=aswift_0 height=60 marginHeight=0 frameBorder=0 width=468 allowTransparency name=aswift_0 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no></IFRAME>

    Set the options as follows:

    SYSLOGD_OPTIonS=”-r -t154 -m 0″

    Now disable the standard syslog and enable rsyslog:

    chkconfig syslog off
    service syslog stop
    chkconfig rsyslog on
    service rsyslog start

    Install Log Analyzer:

    cd /tmp
    wget http://download.adiscon.com/loganalyzer/loganalyzer-3.0.7.tar.gz
    tar xzf loganalyzer-3.0.7.tar.gz
    mv loganalyzer-3.0.7/src /var/www/html/loganalyzer
    mv loganalyzer-3.0.7/contrib/* /var/www/html/loganalyzer
    cd /var/www/html/loganalyzer
    chmod u+x configure.sh secure.sh
    ./configure.sh

    Now browse the website e.g. http://sun/loganalyzer
    Follow the installer adding your MySQL credentials when requested.

    Amend the firewall on the central (sun) server to allow other servers:

    vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

    Add:

    -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp –dport 514 -j ACCEPT
    -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp –dport 514 -j ACCEPT

    Restart iptables:

    service iptables restart

    Remote Servers
    Configure Other Servers (mars, venus, earth) to send their syslogs to the central server (sun):
    Install rsyslog:

    yum install rsyslog

    Edit the config:

    vi /etc/rsyslog.conf

    Add:

    *.info @192.168.1.1:514

    I add this on line number 2 below $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
    Set rsyslog as the default syslogger:

    /sbin/chkconfig syslog off
    /sbin/chkconfig rsyslog on
    service syslog stop
    service rsyslog start

    Using *.info could collect a lot of messages so customise as necessary, for example changing to *.crit will collect less messages of higher importance.

    ]]>     싼웹호스팅 Mon, 21 May 2012 18:19:17 +0900